Various volcanic ashes matrices combined. The Average Volcanic Scattering Matrix was obtained as follows. First, the average volcanic ash phase function, F11 was determined by averaging the 7 measured phase functions for volcanic ash particles presented in Muñoz et al. 2004, and the two phase functions of Lokon, and Pinatubo volcanic ash at 632.8 nm presented by Volten et al., 2001, and Muñoz et al., 2002.
irregular
estimated to be in the range:
1.48-1.7 - i0.02-0.00001
Scattering matrices of mineral particles at 441.6 nm and 632.8 nm. Volten H, Muñoz O, Rol E, de Haan JF, Vassen W, Hovenier JW, Muinonen K, Nousiainen T. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 17375-17401,2001
Experimental determination of the phase function and degree of linear polarization of El Chichòn and Pinatubo volcanic ashes. Muñoz O, Volten H, de Haan JF, Vassen W, Hovenier JW. Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 107, no. D13, 2002
Scattering matrices of volcanic ash particles of Mnt. St. Helens, Redoubt, and Mount Spurr volcanoes Muñoz O, Volten H, Hovenier JW. Veihelmann B, van der Zande WJ, Waters LBFM, Rose WI. Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 109, no. D16, 2004